Brunson, Rod K.

13 entries found for Brunson, Rod K.

"[Black] respondents noted that police were more apt to respond with violence when suspects inquired about the legality of their actions or directives… [and] believed that the widespread presumption of guilt… served as… justification for inappropriate police behavior."

“More specifically, greater minority representation in law enforcement does not appear to reduce disparities in traffic stops… members of racial/ethnic minority groups are more likely to be stopped when police perceive them as being ‘out of place.'"

“Symbols of legitimacy or affluence are not sufficient to counter police suspicion [of middle class Black people], and some contexts may heighten it … Middle-class blacks stopped by the police ‘make a point of displaying middle-class status symbols in self-presentations.'"

“Public debate surrounding discriminatory policing tactics flares when… a prominent, respected black person alleges maltreatment, while it typically requires an especially horrific incident involving poorer blacks and the police to generate comparable… public outrage."

“Respondents residing in a majority-Black, high-violence neighborhood were more likely than their coun- terparts in mixed-race or majority-White, lower-crime areas to experience both direct and vicarious harassment or mistreatment at the hands of police."

“The homicide victimization rate for blacks was six times higher than the rate for whites.” & “Police… need to refrain from using overly simplistic descriptions—such as

“The [DOJ] reports demonstrate that officers frequently subjected [African Americans] to verbal abuse… Investigators found that officers' use of racially-charged language and crude jokes created a culture where blacks were dehumanized."

“Young [Black] men… made frequent reference to officers' inability to apprehend…assailants… Study participants also ascribed the small probability that suspects would be arrested to their prevailing view that police did not care about making communities of color safe."

“Hispanics have a worse relationship with the police than whites but better than African Americans… Rather than a single ‘minority group’ orientation to the police, the general pattern is a racial hierarchy taking the form of a white/Asian/Latino/black continuum."

“While most of our respondents said that police occasionally spoke harshly to them, they reported that officers were more apt to direct demeaning and offensive language toward blacks. For example, black study participants said that officers frequently used racial slurs."

“Black Americans were grossly over-represented in … Newark’s drug arrests. When controlling for legally relevant factors … Black arrests reflected racialized policing. … [and] increased in communities with greater White … populations."

“Because Black officers are disproportionately called on to work beats in poor, high-crime, majority-Black neighbor-hoods, the ecology of their day-to-day work routines puts them at risk for becoming resentful or even hostile toward the residents."

“Officers used neighborhood conditions and prior knowledge of problem areas to justify detaining otherwise law-abiding Black citizens.” and “The pronounced pattern of arbitrary pedestrian stops … is suggestive of racially biased policing."