“In a geographically diverse sample of BMSM [Black men who have sex with men]… police harassment was independently associated with an approximate 60% increase in the risk of distress. Further, police harassment perceived to be due to both racism and homophobia predicted even further elevations in risk of distress."
“For African Americans, intrusive [police] stops were associated with lower legitimacy, while procedurally just stops were associated with greater police legitimacy. & “Higher legitimacy is related to lower levels of criminal behavior."
“Clearance rates are significantly lower in counties that contain greater proportions of Black residents… Controlling both crime conditions and criminal justice contexts explains virtually none of the relationship between county Black population and case clearance."
“While the trends in the total-number of capital-eligible homicides show slight differences for Black and White victim events, the clearance rates are dramatically different. … White victim homicides are more likely to be cleared by arrest."
“Our findings indicated a consistent and statistically significant phenomenon that privileges light-skinned adolescents in their encounters with the police. Light-skinned teens were significantly less likely to be stopped by the police than other teens."
“Vicarious police contact among blacks and personal contact among Hispanics both shared a stronger inverse association with self-reported health than among whites. … Police contact is more strongly linked to worse self-reported health among nonwhites."
More police contact associated with higher levels of anxiety, trauma, and PTSD. “The burden of police contact in each of these cities falls predominantly on young black and Latino males."
“The targeting of [marijuana] enforcement efforts toward blacks and Hispanics is dramatically out of proportion to national statistics that suggest comparable usage rates across racial groups."