“Police stereotypes of minority citizens, which conflate race and violent criminality, parallel those of the larger society and may be continuously reinforced by selective personal experience and departmental folklore."
“Police officers may see no strategic advantage in wasting time and cognitive resources on the routine problems that provide the bulk of their day-to-day work… Racial/ethnic stereotypes facilitate rapid dispositional inferences about the likely outcomes of interactions."
“The two studies provide[] compelling evidence that blacks in highly segregated cities experience greater exposure to police violence… Large cities are divided into ‘free-fire zones’ where police violence is prevalent and acceptable, and ‘sleepy hollows’ where it is not."
“The minority threat hypothesis states that the greater the percent minority in a city, the greater the employment of coercive control strategies by the police. That hypothesis is clearly supported in this study.” & “We included control variables [for] violent crime rate."