“In 2003, black suspects were stopped at a rate … 5.4 times greater than whites. By 2010, those stop ratios had risen to … 9.3… In 2010, the NYPD recorded nearly three stops for every 10 black New York City residents."
“The results of our analysis provide little support for the de-policing explanation of the rise in [2015] homicide levels.” & “The arrest rates for minor and property offenses are negatively associated with the homicide rate but only for Whites."