Chicago’s “understanding of homicide evolved from Black bootleggers in the 1920s, to civil rights agitators in the 1960s, to gangs in the 1980s, and unemployed mentor-less Black youth in 2016."
“Racial threat and federal aid work together in shaping city police spending.” & “Receiving a large COPS grant was positively associated with police spending, especially in cities where Blacks were accounting for a larger percentage of the city population.” (@robvargas21)