“Reading about Black criminals dramatically increased … tendency to make a stereotypic pattern of errors (shooting unarmed Blacks, failing to shoot armed Whites)… When information reinforced … the stereotypic link between Blacks and danger … errors increased."
“In the neutral context… participants shot an unarmed Black target more frequently than an unarmed White… In the dangerous context, bias was not significant … The reduction in bias was due to the fact that participants were predisposed to shoot everybody."
“These studies have demonstrated that the decision to shoot may be influenced by a target person’s ethnicity. In four studies, [non-police] participants showed a bias to shoot African American targets more rapidly and/or more frequently than White targets."