STUDIES:   

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“Profilers, whether they be police officers or lay citizens, invite the hand (and force) of law enforcement into a situation where there is no need for law enforcement… The object of the profiling—in this case African-Americans—are at the mercy of the officer’s judgment."

Sentencing Disparities and the Dangerous Perpetuation of Racial Bias Sentencing Disparities and the Dangerous Perpetuation of Racial Bias
Sentencing Disparities and the Dangerous Perpetuation of Racial Bias
Washington and Lee Journal of Civil Rights and Social Justice
Exum, Jelani Jefferson
Vol. 26 Issue 2, pp. 491–522, 2020
https://scholarlycommons.law.wlu.edu/crsj/vol26/iss2/5
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