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“Compared with [police misconduct] allegations filed by white complainants, allegations from black complainants were 0.499 times less likely to be sustained. … Allegations made by [police] were sustained at a rate 21.6 times higher than allegations made by outsiders."

Using Allegations to Understand Selection Bias in Organizations: Misconduct in the Chicago Police Department Using Allegations to Understand Selection Bias in Organizations: Misconduct in the Chicago Police Department
Using Allegations to Understand Selection Bias in Organizations: Misconduct in the Chicago Police Department
Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes
Stroube, Bryan K.
in Press, 2020
10.1016/j.obhdp.2020.03.003
http://lbsresearch.london.edu/1393/
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