STUDIES:
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“Police stops could also involve psychological violence, typically in the form of name-calling, unnecessary physical threats, and … gratuitous prolonged discomfort… Participants reported that officers referred to their ‘black asses’ and called local women ‘bitches.'"
Characterizing Perceived Police Violence: Implications for Public Health
American Journal of Public Health
Vol. 94 Issue 7, pp. 1109–1118,
2004
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