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“Our results do not support the idea that resisting arrest reflects the social status of suspects. African Americans are no more resistant … than Whites. This result is consistent with most prior research… Any tendency for Black suspects to be defiant is offset by fear."
Are Suspects Who Resist Arrest Defiant, Desperate, or Disoriented?
Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency
Vol. 53 Issue 4, pp. 564–591,
2016
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