STUDIES:
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“Police were 1.65 times more likely to use the ECD [e.g., Taser] against Black subjects in non-high-violent-crime areas.” & “Having a Black subject was positively related to police use of ECDs instead of soft hand control."
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Assessing the Racial Aspects of Police Force Using the Implicit- And Counter-Bias Perspectives
Journal of Criminal Justice
Vol. 44, pp. 36–48,
2016
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