STUDIES:
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“Black citizens were more likely than white citizens to be shot at when comparing the known race/ethnicity of citizens who discharged firearms against officers in California” (but fatalities were not significantly different nationally).
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Considering Violence Against Police by Citizen Race/Ethnicity to Contextualize Representation in Officer-Involved Shootings
Journal of Criminal Justice
Vol. 66, p. 101653,
2020
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