STUDIES:
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“Even when there were black slave owners and black plantation owners, it didn’t undermine the racist nature of slavery. Black police chiefs and black mayors exist within a social and political context in the united states today that has been racially defined."
The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness
Race, Crime and Punishment: Breaking the Connection in America
(Keith Lawrence, ed.), pp. 23–38, Aspen Institute,
2011
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