STUDIES:
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“Among Black victims, the probability of reporting crime declines as their perceptions that the police are ineffective increases. Additionally, … perceived police ineffectiveness is more pronounced among Blacks, resulting in a reluctance to seek police intervention."
The Code of the Street and Cooperation With the Police: Do Codes of Violence, Procedural Injustice, and Police Ineffectiveness Discourage Reporting Violent Victimization to the Police?
Journal of Criminal Justice
Vol. 60, pp. 25–34,
2019
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