STUDIES:   

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“Controlling for the severity of the offense… law enforcement is significantly less likely to take a report and significantly less likely to make an arrest when the crime is hate motivated.” & “Police response to hate crime…[is] very differently from non-hate… crimes."

Stereotypical Hate Crimes and Criminal Justice Processing: A Multi-Dataset Comparison of Bias Crime Arrest Patterns by Offender and Victim Race Stereotypical Hate Crimes and Criminal Justice Processing: A Multi-Dataset Comparison of Bias Crime Arrest Patterns by Offender and Victim Race
Stereotypical Hate Crimes and Criminal Justice Processing: A Multi-Dataset Comparison of Bias Crime Arrest Patterns by Offender and Victim Race
Justice Quarterly
Lantz, Brendan / Gladfelter, Andrew S. / Ruback, R. Barry
Vol. 36 Issue 2, pp. 193–224, 2019
10.1080/07418825.2017.1399211
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