STUDIES:
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Geographic information systems [GIS] focus on “microspatial ‘hotspots’ of crime” & “Contrary to official rhetoric about the objectivity and precision of GIS, there is no evidence that they have had meaningful implications for the racialized character of policing."
Digitize and Punish: Computerized Crime Mapping and Racialized Carceral Power in Chicago
Environment and Planning D: Society and Space
Vol. 35 Issue 5, pp. 775–796,
2017
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