502/

“Even though there was no racial disparity in the change in recovery rates, the increase in stops of nonwhites implies that the burden of this policy shift occurred primarily for blacks and Hispanics in impact-zone areas” where the NYPD increased “stop and frisk” policing.

Using Shifts in Deployment and Operations to Test for Racial Bias in Police Stops

AEA Papers and Proceedings

MacDonald, John M. / Fagan, Jeffrey

Vol 109, pp. 148–151, 2019

10.1257/pandp.20191027

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