STUDIES:
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At UK airports “Black Canadians were eight times as likely to be stopped, black South Africans ten times as likely and black Americans more than twice as likely by comparison with their white counterparts… Immigration officers have wide discretion."
Racism, Immigration, and Policing
Race, Criminal Justice, and Migration Control: Enforcing the Boundaries of Belonging
(Mary Bosworth, Alpa Parmar, Yolanda Vazquez, eds.),
2018
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