STUDIES:
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“This cooperation between ICE and local law enforcement is a critical component of racial and gendered disparities in deportation trends… Police officers are more likely to stop and arrest black and Latino men, which in turn leads to higher deportation rates."
Raced and Gendered Logics of Immigration Law Enforcement in the United States
Race, Criminal Justice, and Migration Control: Enforcing the Boundaries of Belonging
(Mary Bosworth, Alpa Parmar, Yolanda Vazquez, eds.),
2018
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