STUDIES:
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“Minority communities may provide officers an implicit visual heuristic that they can expect to encounter dangerous and uncooperative residents… Officers may be implicitly interpreting Black neighborhoods as inherently dangerous and uncooperative."
The Ecological Structuring of Police Officers’ Perceptions of Citizen Cooperation
Crime & Delinquency
Vol. 64 Issue 9, pp. 1143–1170,
2018
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