STUDIES:   

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“Traffic officers say that by following any vehicle… they can observe a basis on which to stop it… Officers often develop ad hoc methods of winnowing suspicious from innocent motorist… [but are] subject to the racial and ethnic stereotypes they learn from our culture."

A Resource Guide on Racial Profiling Data Collection Systems: Promising Practices and Lessons Learned A Resource Guide on Racial Profiling Data Collection Systems: Promising Practices and Lessons Learned
A Resource Guide on Racial Profiling Data Collection Systems: Promising Practices and Lessons Learned
U.S. Department of Justice National Institute of Justice
Ramirez, Deborah / McDevitt, Jack / Farrell, Amy
(NCJ 184768), November 2000
https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/bja/184768.pdf
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