STUDIES:
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“Stringent [administrative] policies are effective deterrents against police use of lethal force [against] Blacks, but not Whites… This could be attributable to the differential application of lethal force against Whites and Blacks.” (@jnowacki)
Organizational-Level Police Discretion: An Application for Police Use of Lethal Force
Crime & Delinquency
Vol. 61 Issue 5, pp. 643–668,
2015
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