STUDIES:   

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“The study confirmed that police stops and identity checks in Paris are princi- pally based on the appearance of the person stopped, rather than on their behavior or actions. Persons perceived to be ethnic minorities were disproportionately stopped by the police… Blacks were overall six times more likely than Whites to be stopped by police”

Profiling Minorities: A Study of Stop-and-Search Practices in Paris Profiling Minorities: A Study of Stop-and-Search Practices in Paris TABLE 4: Stops by Clothing and Location. It is important to note the high degree of correlation between the youth clothing category and the minority ethnicity classifications. In other words, people wearing youth clothing were overstopped, as were Blacks and Arabs. TABLE 4: Stops by Clothing and Location. It is important to note the high degree of correlation between the youth clothing category and the minority ethnicity classifications. In other words, people wearing youth clothing were overstopped, as were Blacks and Arabs.
Profiling Minorities: A Study of Stop-and-Search Practices in Paris
Open Society Justice Initiative
Goris, Indira / Jobard, Fabien / Lévy, René
June 2009
https://www.justiceinitiative.org/publications/profiling-minorities-study-stop-and-search-practices-paris
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