STUDIES:   

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“We also find substantial differences in the behavior of female officers—both relative to male officers generally and within racial and ethnic groups— with the most substantial differences pertaining to use of force. The vast majority of gendered reductions stem from a reduced focus on arresting and using force against Black civilians."

The role of officer race and gender in police-civilian interactions in Chicago The role of officer race and gender in police-civilian interactions in Chicago Effects of deploying officers from marginalized groups, by enforcement subcategory. Effects of deploying officers from marginalized groups, by enforcement subcategory. Effects of deploying officers from marginalized groups, by local racial composition. Effects of deploying officers from marginalized groups, by local racial composition.
The role of officer race and gender in police-civilian interactions in Chicago
Science
Ba, Bocar A. / Knox, Dean / Mummolo, Jonathan / Rivera, Roman
Vol. 371 Issue 6530, p. 6696—702, 2021
10.1126/science.abd8694
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