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“For a sample of Syracuse Police stop data… The odds of a black driver being stopped (relative to nonblack drivers) increase 15% in daylight [when race is more easily observed] as compared to darkness."

How Dark Is Dark? Bright Lights, Big City, Racial Profiling

Review of Economics and Statistics

Horrace, William C. / Rohlin, Shawn M.

Vol. 98 Issue 2, pp. 226–232, 2016

10.1162/REST_a_00543

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