“Individuals living in a neighborhood where a greater proportion of black or Latino stops involve force … are more likely to perceive their own health as poor/fair, to be diagnosed with diabetes and high blood pressure, and to be overweight/obese."
“The targeting of [marijuana] enforcement efforts toward blacks and Hispanics is dramatically out of proportion to national statistics that suggest comparable usage rates across racial groups."
“We study speeding tickets and the choice of officers to discount drivers to a speed right below an onerous punishment… racial bias is due to 20% of officers."
“The dramatic increase in stop activity in recent years is concentrated predominantly in minority neighborhoods … based on the neighborhoods in which they live rather than the crime problems in those areas."
“Indeed, we found that when Whites were exposed to a ‘Blacker’ prison population, they became significantly more fearful of crime, which, in turn, increased their support of punitive crime policies."
“We find a fairly large race disparity in local police officer stops and a very small one in highway patrol stops … it is difficult for the highway patrol to identify the race of drivers because cars are moving at fairly high speeds."