Studies

Research on racial bias in policing

“If the police agency ends up setting priorities and structuring activities in relation to stereotypical ideas of place, then policing can consolidate the character of unequal neighborhoods… [Policing strategies] … amplified racialized disparities in service provision."

“Specifically, in predominantly white and racially mixed areas, black drivers were stopped disproportionately to their representation in the driving population, as estimated through a random sample of not-at-fault drivers in two vehicle crashes."

“Dehumanizing language is effective at getting White citizens to be less supportive of national anthem protests, but only when the target of the dehumanization is Black… These effects do not persist when the dehumanized player is White."

[Sweden] “The underlying code of secrecy and the demands of unstinting loyalty effectively block critical and constructive voices from being heard. Consequently, … police misconduct in interactions with ethnic minority citizenry is allowed to be perpetuated."

“Neo-liberal gun politics situates guns as responsible tools for self-protection against (black) criminals in lieu of (absent) police… Neo-radical gun politics situate guns in terms of not only the state’s inability to protect, but also its propensity to violate."

“In Vermont, there is evidence that black and Hispanic drivers face disparate treatment by police as compared to white and, in some cases, Asian drivers… Vermont racial disparities in policing are wider than in more racially heterogeneous states."

"[Black students have] fear and persistent aversion of interactions with university police officers… Surprisingly, the participants expressed the most challenging experiences on campus at night when they were going to the library and trying to study for their classes."

“The significant [police data] effects appear to be intentional violation of Massachusetts state law mandating the reporting of race and ethnicity.” & “Race and ethnicity missingness is significantly more likely in agencies with higher proportions of Black … residents."