Studies

Research on racial bias in policing

“Self-identified Republicans but not Democrats perceive higher levels of violence when a disliked group is protesting."

“We find a relationship between local police-caused deaths of Black people and the probability of [BLM] protest… relationship between grievance and protest.” & “Localities with a more educated population and a larger local college enrollment have more protests."

“Racial prejudice and discrimination within the police workforce has been verified by the findings of industrial tribunals, research studies, and analyses of officers' experiences… Black people, for example, are thought to be … aggressive, lacking brainpower."

"[Black] officers in this study reported that they have often witnessed such racial profiling in their official capacities as law enforcers. Furthermore, many reported that they themselves have experienced biased policing when working undercover or while off duty."

“White officers were less likely to accept that black citizens might have understandable reasons to distrust the police and… generally did not try to reduce tensions in encounters with minority citizens… apt to take black citizens’ ill feelings as unjustified aggression”

“Public debate surrounding discriminatory policing tactics flares when… a prominent, respected black person alleges maltreatment, while it typically requires an especially horrific incident involving poorer blacks and the police to generate comparable… public outrage."

“In speeding stops, the most important influence on who is stopped is how fast you drive. In investigatory stops, the most important influence on who is stopped is not what you do but who you are: young black men are by far the most likely to be stopped."

“Where a higher percentage of crime involves a black offender and a white victim, blacks have a substantially higher likelihood of being arrested… Differential arrest of blacks… reflects the degree of criminal threat that blacks constitute for whites in that area."