Studies

Research on racial bias in policing

“Feeling disrespected during their most recent stop was associated with negative attitudes toward the police.” & “How [officers] control a stop… can have a longstanding influence concerning how the youth may relate to enforcement efforts in the future."

“If the data used to initiate [an automated police decision system] is biased the ‘actionable intelligence’… will likely also be biased… The resulting… arrests will likely generate even more bad data, which is then fed back… and so on.” (@jvagle)

“Analysis also showed black people were killed by police at more than double the rate for whites… Of the African Americans killed by police, 25% were unarmed, while 17% of the whites killed were unarmed.” & “‘Most police shootings are preventable.'"

“Participants with low racial bias… who are typically supportive of policing policy reform, were significantly less supportive when exposed to threatening media images of Black men.” & “Associating Black men with threat significantly predicts… [support of] lethal force."

“Evidence of exclusive predatory use of [police] dogs against African Americans.” & “‘This disparity suggests that race may play an impermissible role in officers’ decisions to deploy canines.'” & “Unleashing vicious dogs on blacks confirmed their devalued status."

“He … had trouble comprehending why he was stopped by the police when he was an A student who did not sag his pants and did not perceive himself as a ‘thug’ or ‘thief.'” & “A psychiatric consultation revealed that Jamal was actually experiencing trauma [as a result]."

"[Traditional police culture] TPC tends to incorporate distrust toward… citizens… a desire to avoid supervisor scrutiny… and permissiveness toward misconduct." & “Black [police] managers were less likely to endorse TPC than White managers."

“Less restrictive policies, with respect to TASER® placement, result in more TASER® usage… We also see a race effect. More specifically, officers are more likely to use a TASER® on both Black and ‘other’ race suspects compared to their White counterparts."