“Unjust interactions with police take a psychological toll… When young people, particularly youth of color, experience discrimination, it can affect their worldview as negatively impact… self-esteem, ability to achieve, and other factors related to future goals."
“Black parents and parents with stronger police legitimacy attitudes reported they would place greater importance on transmitting messages to their children about compliance with the police."
“Although our data and statistical approach were valid to estimate the question we actually tested…given continued misuse of the article (e.g. MacDonald 2020) we felt the right decision was to retract the article rather than publish further corrections.” cc:@ManhattanInst
"[Black] men with higher PLE [measure of police discrimination frequency] scores … have higher depressive symptom scores… consistent with empirical evidence documenting the positive association between Black men’s experiences with discrimination and depressive symptoms."
“Enfranchisement of black voters leads to a reduction in black arrest rates, but only when CLEOs are elected, rather than appointed” & “In the presence of elected police chiefs… arrests of blacks …fall in counties that were … covered [by the Voting Rights Act]."
“57% of…reported violent crimes committed against white victims were perpetrated by white offenders… violent crimes committed against black victims, 63 percent were committed by black people… [based on] street crime to the exclusion of organized & white-collar crime."
“Unarmed Black targets in threatening attire were marginally more likely to be mistakenly shot compared to unarmed White targets in threatening attire … Marginally more errors were also made against unarmed Blacks in threatening attire compared to Blacks in safe attire."
“Unarmed Black men killed by police in 15 of the former slave-holding states represent 41% of unarmed individuals killed by police across the United States."
“When negative, Black stereotypical information was given about a victim, it significantly colored those victims as being more at fault for their own deaths [by a police officer] compared to when positive, Black counterstereotypical information was provided."