“The disproportionate use of stop and search is not only born out of, but also perpetuates, a paranoid … suspicion toward an entire community. The ingrained image … feeds into the collective illusion that black men everywhere need to be policed more than others."
“Non-white officers were less depressed” & “Minority officers reported less burnout… [and] were less likely to report being angry” & “Where [race] related to a… negative affective response to stress, minority officers reported less of the emotion than their white peers."
“Gang membership is often portrayed… as strictly a minority issue… There are large discrepancies between these figures and… surveys. These four groups [White, Hispanic, Black, and other] are about equally represented in self-report samples [of gang membership]."
“If a racially biased police force were to fit a new forecasting model to predict from last week’s drug arrests… this would create a feedback loop… Racial bias is now encoded into a prediction model… reinforcing the original disproportionate allocation of… police."
“Minority communities may provide officers an implicit visual heuristic that they can expect to encounter dangerous and uncooperative residents… Officers may be implicitly interpreting Black neighborhoods as inherently dangerous and uncooperative."
“Having been stopped by police was related to… depression among both White and Black young adults… While the association remained after accounting for criminal behavior… among Blacks, the association was fully explained by… criminal behavior among Whites.” (@vbacak)
Poor and Black people “without these types of police-initiated and unjust encounters” are at least as likely “to report their personal victimizations” as White people; however, police contact has “a stronger inhibitory effect on reporting for Blacks relative to Whites."
“Racial disparities continue to exist when those [other] factors are controlled for. In particular, Black and Hispanic drivers in Vermont are substantially more likely to be searched than White or Asian drivers, and are less likely to be found with contraband."
White people are more than twice as likely to support the use of military equipment for riot control as Black people “likely due to disproportionate usage of militarized police for riot control purposes in Black neighborhoods and against Black protestors."