Studies

Research on racial bias in policing

“Police violence against black women is underreported, under-documented, and under-highlighted. Black women are left with these questions: Who do I call to police the police? … How do we unlearn these stereotypes about Black women and ensure that their futures are not jeopardized by police violence?"

“The stories of many black men who are subject to seize and search are the stories of men who have had their spirits broken. They are afraid of the police. This is, in fact, its point. Seize and search, like torture-lite, demonstrates who is in charge, and the violent consequences of dissent."

“Historically there has always been a double standard in the way police officers are treated when they commit violence against Blacks. Officers are often excused while victims are often blamed for their own deaths… The list of Blacks being blamed for their deaths at the hands of police officers is extensive."

“These initial findings establish a set of ‘warning flags’ that signify undesirable policing outcomes that, at minimum, should result in further inquiry and investigation from those tasked with holding police accountable."

“Overall, the third and most important story the data tell is that police-reported driving while Black data underestimate the frequency with which police stop drivers of color."

“A mixed pattern of disparity where minority officers are disproportion- ately represented in formally documented complaints but appear to receive similar treatment as White officers in the subsequent decisions on allegation guilt and proscription of penalty."

“Controlling for numerous variables, the results reveal that African American officers are more likely to feel that they are criticized, more likely to believe that they are considered militant, and less likely to feel negative or depressed about police work."

“The study confirmed that police stops and identity checks in Paris are princi- pally based on the appearance of the person stopped, rather than on their behavior or actions. Persons perceived to be ethnic minorities were disproportionately stopped by the police… Blacks were overall six times more likely than Whites to be stopped by police”

“When exploring police attitudes about whether a goal of the police should be to reduce the public’s fear of crime, the results show that Black officers answered more positively than White officers."

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