Studies

Research on racial bias in policing

"[Homeless] participants… could not rely on the police for protection and support… Participants who identified as transgender and as youth of color in particular reported situations in which they believed they were targeted because of their intersecting identities."

When observing officer use of force, “Respondents who were exposed to a White defense eyewitness had a reduced odds of finding the defendant guilty of resisting arrest compared to respondents who were exposed to a Black eyewitness…"

“When officers received less sleep preceding each test session, they were significantly more likely to associate Black Americans with weapons compared with when they had received more sleep. In other words, sleep restriction appeared to increase anti-Black bias."

“Racial disparities are found at virtually every point of criminal justice processing… Implicit racial bias can manifest itself not only in the discretionary decision making of criminal justice system actors… but also in otherwise well-intentioned crime control laws."

“We present evidence that under the most conservative estimates, 40% of black people recently shot by police were shot during a stop in which they were not suspected of committing a violent crime."

“Fatal use of force against an unarmed, fleeing suspect is not justified under a constitutional test, or a benefit-cost test. Black people are disproportionately victims … of these unjust police shootings."

“In the 1960s… A new race-neutral language was evolving that appealed to old racist sentiments, and supporters found they could implement a new caste system by demanding ‘law and order’ as opposed to ‘segregation forever.'"

“For Black people, it does not matter if they are uneducated or have a PhD, they have a similar likelihood of being killed by police because of their Blackness."