Studies

Research on racial bias in policing

“The race-based police stop is a primary gateway to police killings … The conformist model represented in prominent versions of The Talk … lowers the cost of the race-based stop, incentivizing race-based police stops of African Americans."

“The adverse effects of police violence on the physical and mental health of black people and the clear racial lines along which police violence occurs place it at odds with the overarching goal of public health."

“Severe racial disparities [are] often an inevitable result of of the tactics the police adopt.” & “When police are called to the scene they bring with them what they have been trained to do: deploy force and law. Yet, these are often the wrong responses to … a situation."

“White officers are 1.28 times more likely to use higher levels of force on Black civilians in Dallas [than on white civilians].” & “Officers use higher levels of force on civilians as officer years of service increase."

Black citizens prefer and view as more fair intersections regulated by red light cameras rather than intersections regulated by police officers when expecting white officers. Whites view police officers as more fair.

“A large majority of black residents, 66.9%, either somewhat or strongly agree that the local police abuse their power.” & “Even a majority of whites in the DC area agree that police treat blacks worse than whites."

[UK] “In this paper we have discussed a series of Bayesian tools for application to the UK Stop-and-Search database… We find conclusively that racial bias are present within stop-and-searches and provide a tool for analysing this at Force by Force basis."

“Whites, who make up 77.4% of the population, make up 50.7% of the individuals killed by police … And Blacks are killed while unarmed at an even higher rate: 25.8% … of Blacks killed by police in 2015 were unarmed, while that was true for only 17.9% of Whites."