Studies

Research on racial bias in policing

“The general non-indictment of law enforcement in the murders of unarmed African Americans provides resounding evidence that little personal accountability exists for these murders."

“Because Black officers are disproportionately called on to work beats in poor, high-crime, majority-Black neighbor-hoods, the ecology of their day-to-day work routines puts them at risk for becoming resentful or even hostile toward the residents."

We “should require white Americans to consider the consequences of summoning armed agents of the state to investigate black Americans, to think twice before making the phone call, and to assume the consequences of liability for weaponizing racial fear for frivolous reasons."

“This research qualitatively examines experiences with the police for 42 interracial mixed-status couples” and “The liability of a husband’s brownness transformed white citizen wives from seeing the police as helpers to harmers."

“Self-report surveys have indicated that hostility, violence, and criminality are commonly associated with Black Americans, even by egalitarian-minded White Americans.” and “Officers were more likely to incorrectly choose a Black target with more stereotypical features."

“The special issue seeks to better understand the range of factors that create and maintain police violence against racial and ethnic minorities and assess the aftermath of this harm. Taken together, these contributions provide … new recommendations, small and large."

“Contrary to our expectation, police stops involving black suspects are more likely to result in frisk, search, use of force and arrest in tracts with higher levels of black-white segregation."

“Interventions, such as inherent-bias training, aim to alter the way police officers interact with Black individuals. The empirical evidence … suggests that training and interventions that change the way police interact with Black neighborhoods are needed."

Thread on why academic studies (in econ and most other fields) are biased against finding racial bias.