Studies

Research on racial bias in policing

“Instead of condemning all resistance, constitutional doctrine could and should protect certain forms of non-violent resistance both in police encounters and in later court proceedings. Embracing resistance could help … mitigate racial disparities in criminal justice."

“Black individuals face heightened risks of being the victims of police force, regardless of whether they actually pose a threat and even when officers are consciously egalitarian."

“Arrests and prosecutions in poor urban neighborhoods are cheaper for the government than arrests and prosecutions elsewhere."

“Does Race Matter for Police Use of Force? Evidence from 911 Calls”

“Scrutiny may induce law enforcement officers to purposefully misreport their interactions with citizens to appear less biased.” Finds 60% of troopers misreported a minority as white when a searched failed to yield any evidence of a crime.

“To fix our policing problem, we have to start with our racism problem."

“Rather than addressing those underlying conditions, … policy-makers have chosen to respond with a policy that [] stigmatizes minority residents, that has limited crime-control benefits, and that imposes large negative spillovers on disadvantaged neighborhoods."

“Agencies have historically been reluctant to make their use-of-force data public… Perhaps police leaders and politicians are concerned about the backlash that could result if their data uncover evidence of bias or excessive force."

“It appears that Minneapolis police were using race in deciding whom to stop, but that this does not have any connection with whom they decided to search."